Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) represent a versatile and innovative class of porous materials that have garnered significant attention for their exceptional capabilities in gas storage and separation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and practical applications of MOFs. We delve into various synthesis strategies, highlighting how these approaches influence the structural properties and performance of MOFs. Additionally, we discuss the latest functionalization techniques that enhance the selectivity and capacity of MOFs for specific gases. A critical examination is presented on the performance of MOFs in the storage of key gases such as hydrogen and methane, emphasizing the material's high surface area and tunable pore sizes that make them ideal candidates for efficient gas storage. Moreover, we explore the efficiency of MOFs in the separation of industrially relevant gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen, focusing on their potential to address environmental and energy-related challenges. This review underscores the importance of MOFs in advancing gas storage and separation technologies, providing insights into future research directions and potential industrial applications.